The pyramids of Giza contain information and have properties that would have been beyond the means of the Egyptians

Hans
20 min readJun 2, 2021

The pyramids of Giza encode mathematical constants, parameters of celestial objects, and other properties that the ancient Egyptians could have not possibly known about. Some of the encoded values may seem coincidental or convoluted. That could certainly be the case here and there. I would argue, overall, the encodings present a high enough level of intrigue to suggest: the ancient Egyptians were much much more advanced than they are given credence for. They may have even received outside help 👽 with the design and construction of the pyramids and beyond.

Sources will be regularly provided and all calculations will be shown from beginning to end.

Outline

Not coincidental:

Probably not coincidental:

Maybe coincidental:

  • The Great Pyramid encodes phi (the golden ratio) and e (Euler’s number).
  • The Great Pyramid encodes the equatorial circumference and the polar radius of the Earth.
  • The pyramids are correlated with Orion’s Belt. Some of the correlations with Orion I’d consider less coincidental and more coincidental than others, but they average out to “maybe coincidental” for me.

Probably coincidental:

  • The pyramids are correlated with the Sun and the three inner planets of our solar system.

If there is a fact about the pyramids that I did not cover, e.g., the encoding of the moon’s radius or something, then it is because I deemed it to be overly convoluted or somewhere within the vicinity of debunked or nearly debunked.

There are correlations between the pyramids of Giza and other pyramids around the world, but that is beyond the scope of this article.

Base data

The following will consist of all the data that I will be using as the base for calculations. Egyptian royal cubits are abbreviated as “cu” and the conversion factor between Egyptian royal cubits and meters is 0.5236, which is extremely close to pi/6 (0.523599), so I will be using pi/6 in my calculations, even though it won’t affect the final results. When converting from cu³ to m³, the conversion factor is (pi/6)³ = pi³/216.

Great Pyramid (Khufu)

From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza:

Derived:

  • 1/2 base length: 220 cu
  • base perimeter: 440 cu * 4 = 1760 cu
  • base perimeter extended to the corner sockets: 1772 cu
  • volume: length * width * height / 3 = 440 cu * 440 cu * 280 cu / 3 = 18069333 cu³ = 18069333 cu³ * pi³/216 m³/cu³= 2593809 m³
  • slant height: c = sqrt(a² +b²) = sqrt(220 cu * 220 cu + 280 cu * 280 cu) = 356.090 cu
  • slant angle: arctan(280/220) = 51.8427734 degrees
  • vertex slant angle: 90–51.8427734 = 38.1572266 degrees

King’s chamber dimensions: 9.99 cu x 19.99 cu x 11.16 cu

Sarcophagus outer dimensions: 2.278 m x 0.977 m x 1.048 m

Khafre (second largest pyramid of Giza)

Derived from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid_of_Khafre:

  • volume: 411 cu * 411 cu * 274 cu / 3 = 15428118 cu³ = 15428118 cu³ * pi³/216 m³/cu³ = 2214669 m³

Menkaure (smallest pyramid of Giza)

From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid_of_Menkaure:

  • base length: 200 cu

Any of the Sun and planet parameters I use are from the following: NASA Sun fact sheet, NASA Mercury fact sheet, NASA Venus fact sheet, NASA Earth fact.

Calculations

I will be calculating relative errors in terms of percentage a lot, and while I may occasionally show that calculation step in specific, here’s how relative errors are being calculated:

relative error = | (calculated_encoding − expected_value) / expected_value | * 100%

Pi, phi (golden ratio), and e (Euler’s number) in the Great Pyramid

2 * base length / original height = 2 * 440 cu / 280 cu = 3.14286. This has 0.04% relative error compared to pi, i.e. 3.14159.

ratio of the hypotenuse and adjacent side of the right triangle = slant height / half of base length = 356.090 cu / 220 cu = 1.61859. This has 0.03% relative error compared to phi, i.e. 1.61803.

2 * slant angle / vertex slant angle = 2 * 51.8427734 / 38.1572266 = 2.71732. This has 0.04% relative error compared to e, i.e. 2.71828.

Pi was not calculated accurately until 250 BC, about 2350 years after the Great Pyramid was estimated to be built (2600 BC). The Egyptians did have a historically known approximation for pi, but that approximation was 3.16. Likewise, the golden ratio wasn’t calculated until 300 BC and Euler’s number wasn’t calculated until the late 1600s. If the Egyptians did purposely encode pi, phi, and e, then they knew the values of these constants centuries and millennia before those constants were deemed to have entered the domain of human knowledge.

Skeptic: The Great Pyramid has a base length to height ratio of 22:14. That means any pyramid with a base length to height ratio of 22:14 will encode pi, phi, and e in the same way and with the same accuracy. All one has to do is randomly choose a ratio of 22:14 to get those same “encodings”.

Me: True! Any pyramid with a ratio of 22:14 will achieve encoded values with the same accuracy. But it has to be 22:14 and not some other ratio such as 20:14 would be my counterargument. In other words, did the Egyptians specifically choose 22:14 to encode pi, phi, e, and other values?

Skeptic 2: pi was allegedly encoded as 880 / 280, which is the same as 22 / 7, a well known approximation of pi.

Me: Also true. 880 / 280 shows the Egyptians likely or may have known a more accurate encoding of Pi than they’re given credit for but not that they necessarily knew pi was 3.14159265.

The fine-structure constant in the Great Pyramid

volume of sarcophagus = 2.278 m * 0.977 m * 1.048 m = 2.332435088 m³

volume of King’s chamber = 9.99 cu x 19.99 cu x 11.16 cu * pi³/216 m³/cu³ = 319.917755274 m³

volume of sarcophagus / volume of King’s chamber = 2.332435088 m³ / 319.917755274 m³ = 0.00729073347. This has 0.09% relative error compared to 1/137.036 (the fine-structure constant), i.e. 0.00729735252.

There are a few reasons the above encoding is most likely not coincidental. To start, one could argue it’s coincidental and that the Egyptians were really trying to encode 1/137 instead of the fine-structure constant of 1/137.036, but if they wanted to encode 1/137, they could have done so more accurately by adjusting the volume of either the sarcophagus or the volume of King’s chamber. That’s because the 0.00729073347 calculated above, is a closer match to 1/137.036 than 1/137 in terms of relative errors. Encoding 1/137 would also be completely arbitrary for the Egyptians (137 doesn’t have any meaning in Egyptian history as far as I have researched and certainly not the inverse of 1/137). Another reason one may argue it’s coincidence is because there could be dozens of items in many rooms of the Great Pyramid and there is a good chance the ratio of two of any of those items ended up being a close approximation of the fine-structure constant. That argument doesn’t quite hold up, because the room involved in the fine-structure constant calculation above is the King’s Chamber, by no means a random room int he pyramid, and the sarcophagus was the only item in the King’s Chamber, so it wasn’t cherry picked from a dozen items present in the King’s Chamber. Finally, the fine-structure constant relates to electromagnetic forces and fits in with the general theme of the Great Pyramid and its relationship to light and electromagnetism, so as far as dimensionless physical constants to encode, the Egyptians picked one that reflected the pyramid’s other qualities. Examples of the Great Pyramid having a relationship to light and electromagnetism are as follows:

Equatorial circumference and polar radius of the Earth in the Great Pyramid

Let the ratio of the Earth’s equatorial circumference to its polar radius be abbreviated as EC_PR. The Earth’s EC_PR, is nearly 2pi, since the ratio of a circumference to the radius of any sphere is 2pi (2 * r * pi / r = 2pi). One could then argue that the ratio of the Great Pyramid’s “circumference” (base perimeter) to its “radius” (height) also being 2pi doesn’t mean the Great Pyramid encodes the ratio of the Earth’s EC_PR at all. It just means the Egyptians encoded pi in the way shown earlier where half the pyramid’s “circumference” divided by its radius results in ~pi. That becomes 2pi when the ratio doubles, i.e., when the pyramid’s entire circumference is considered.

The Earth, because it’s not a perfect sphere, has a EC_PR slightly different than 2pi. Thus, if the Egyptians wanted to encode the Earth’s EC_PR, they’d have to demonstrate they knew how far off it was from 2pi. They may have done this, by encoding the Earth’s EC_PR by being able to adjust the Great Pyramid’s “circumference” and “radius” to achieve a result slightly offset from 2pi. Here’s exactly how they could or did do this:

  • Extend the pyramid’s base perimeter by the corner sockets, and the pyramid’s height by the platform the pyramid sat atop to adjust the pyramid’s “circumference” and “radius”. Earlier I showed these adjustments led to a “circumference” and “radius” of 1772 cu and 281 cu respectively. The ratio between these then is 1772 cu / 281 cu = 6.30605. This is off from the 2pi one would get by multiplying the encoding for pi using the non-adjusted base and height by two: ~3.14286 * 2 = 6.285714.
  • Earth’s equatorial circumference / Earth’s polar radius = 40075.017 km / 6356.752 km = 6.30432. This is closer to the 6.30605 from above than the approximation of 2pi from above of 6.285714. The relative error between 6.30432 and 6.30605 is 0.03%, which funny enough, is lower than the relative error for the encoding of pi and consequently 2pi from earlier (0.04%).

The above calculations and the logic behind the numbers involved demonstrate the Egyptians may have known and encoded the Earth’s EC_PR because they could have designed the Great Pyramid to encode both 2pi accurately and the the Earth’s EC_PR accurately. And such would be achieved by having a way to deviate from 2pi, i.e., adjust the height and perimeter of the pyramid somehow to encompass Earth’s EC_PR.

Potentially intriguing:

The Earth’s EC_PR is 40075.017 km / 6356.752 km. If we take the Great Pyramid’s approximation of this ratio, 1772 cu / 281 cu, and scale the numerator and denominator by 43200, we obtain 40081.696 / 6356.070. Notice how close the scaling factor brings the Pyramid’s “radius” and “perimeter” to the Earth’s equatorial circumference and polar radius:

  • 40081.696 vs 40075.017
  • 6356.070 vs 6356.752

And what’s the significance here? If 43200 is meaningful to the Egyptians in any way, then that is additional evidence they did in fact know and encode the Earth’s EC_PR. That’s because if 43200 shows up, it was likely not random but deliberately chosen, in this case chosen so that scaling 1772 and 281 by 43200 would very closely approximate Earth’s EC_PR, hence indicating the Egyptians knew and encoded Earth’s EC_PR. It also helps counteract concerns that extending the pyramid’s perimeter and height with the corner sockets and platform is potentially randomish/convoluted.

Skeptic: 43200 being particularly noteworthy for the Egyptians? 43200 seems very random and arbitrary as far as numbers and scaling factors go.

Me: Yeah, 43200 does seem random, certainly at first glance. There are; however, reasons to believe 43200 was meaningful to the Egyptians. That’s because of how 432 is related to time and phases of time and cycles and consequently circles and properties of circles such as circumferences and radii:

Whether the Egyptians knew and encoded the Earth’s EC_PR or not mostly comes down to how one feels about the inclusion of the corner sockets and platform, whether the Egyptians could determine the Earth’s EC_PR (depending on their ability to determine other values just as precise and out there), and one’s feelings about the scaling factor of 43200.

The upcoming encoding/calculation should demonstrate fairly strongly the Egyptians having an affinity for 43200.

The speed of light in the Great Pyramid

So how is the speed of light encoded in the Great Pyramid exactly? It is the difference between the circumferences of the outer and inner circles shown in the diagram multiplied by 86400 and 1M. The final result has a relative error of 0.001% and has units of cu/24h, i.e., the distance in cubits that light covers in a day.

After the calculations, I’ll get into why 86400, 1M, and the entire calculation are far from arbitrary, i.e., far from random numbers being thrown into a hat.

Let d stand for diameter and let us call the inner circle and the outer circles C1 and C2 respectively. The difference between their circumferences is:

pi * C2d − pi * C1d = pi * (C2d − C1d)

C2, circumscribing the square base of the Great Pyramid, has a diameter equal then to the diagonal of the base length of the pyramid. According to the Pythagorean theorem:

C2d = sqrt(440² cu + 440² cu) = sqrt(440² cu + 440² cu) = sqrt(2) * sqrt(440²) cu = sqrt(2) * 440cu

The diameter of the C1 is the same as the base length of the pyramid, 440 cu, since C1 is inscribed within the square base of the Great Pyramid.

C2d − C1d = sqrt(2) * 440cu − 440cu = 440 (sqrt(2) − 1) cu

difference between the circumferences = 440 (sqrt(2) − 1) cu * pi = (sqrt(2) − 1) * 440pi cu

Next we will multiply the difference found above by 86400 and 1M:

(sqrt(2) − 1) * 440pi cu * 86400 * 1M = 4.94698515 × 10¹³ cu

And because the value above is supposed to represent the distance traveled by light in 24h, we get a speed of light of 4.94698515 × 10¹³ cu/24h.

Now it’s time to compare the 4.94698515 × 10¹³ cu/24h we got earlier with 299792458 m/s after 299792458 m/s is converted to cu/24h. For that conversion we will convert m/s to cu/s, then cu/h, and then cu/24h, all at the same time 😎.

299792458 m/s * 6/pi cu/m * 3600s/1h * 24h/24h = 4.9469307 × 10¹³ cu/24h

4.9469307 × 10¹³ cu/12h sure looks a lot like 4.94698515 × 10¹³ cu/24h 🤔. Let’s calculate the relative error:

| (4.94693066 × 10¹³ − 4.94698515 × 10¹³) / 4.94693066 × 10¹³ | * 100% = 0.0011%

Wow! 0.0011% is much much lower than 0.01% and the lowest relative error in this entire article 🥳.

The first step was to calculate difference between the circumferences of two circles. Here’s how this is highly symbolic and meaningful for a speed of light calculation:

  • The Egyptian’s hieroglyph that means the Sun, light, and more, is a smaller circle within a larger circle. We refer to that particular hieroglyph as the sun-disc. If you take a look at the diagram from earlier, it is literally a giant sun-disc...so the first step of our calculation involves the Egyptian symbol for the Sun and light. Very fitting when calculating the speed of light! If one were to consider all possible dimensions in a pyramid to compare and other ways to encode the speed of light and all other Egyptian hieroglyphs, there’s really no more symbolical start off such a calculation.
  • Further strengthening the symbolism of the sun-disk in this case, the god of the Sun, Ra, is often depicted with one cobra wrapped sun-disc on his head in larger adornations, or with 1–2 sun-discs in hieroglyphs. Ra, being the god of the Sun, really emphasizes the connection the sun-discs have to the Sun and light since Ra is always shown with at least one sun-disc.
  • Amongst the three pyramids of Giza, the Great Pyramid is the one, as mentioned earlier, that is able to collect and concentrate electromagnetic waves, light being an electromagnetic wave. The Great Pyramid is also the largest of the three pyramids, and given the Sun is the largest object in our solar system, that makes The Great Pyramid generally representative of the sun. Furthermore, The Great Pyramid’s surface reflected light brightly in its heyday, making it a symbol for light and consequently a symbolic choice for encoding the speed of light.

As for why 1M isn’t an arbitrary scaling factor:

That leaves 86400. 84600 happens to be 3600 * 24 * 10. That’s representative of the number of degrees in a circle or full cycle and the 24 corresponds to 24h. Both 360 degrees and 24h represent a full circle/cycle, and consequently correspond to how we’re calculating a speed of light for a full cycle of 24h. Fun fact: Egyptians also divided their circles into 360 degrees.

Correlations with Orion

Source: page 3 of https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51940838_A_quantitative_astronomical_analysis_of_the_Orion_Correlation_Theory

The above figure shows that if you take a stellar map of Orion’s Belt and scale/rotate it, then the stars align with the apexes of the pyramids. The accuracy is at least as good as what can be achieved with the naked human eye looking at the sky. While the stellar map of Orion’s belt has to be flipped upside down for the overlay to work, the Egyptians most likely put south at the top of their maps because the Nile flows from south to north, thus their stellar maps would be flipped upside compared to ours. The choice of which way should be up/north and which way should be down/south is arbitrary. In fact, we could swap them as a human society today if we wanted to.

If as alluded to the above, the Egyptians did in fact consider south up/top and north down/bottom, then the pyramids also happen to be on the same side as the Nile as Orion’s Belt is in relation to the Milky Way. This is intriguing since the Egyptians are likely believe to have associated the Nile with the Milky Way, considering the Milky Way as the river of the sky. Some rotation is still required after flipping the stellar map of Orion’s belt upside down for the overlay shown. Reasons this may not be that much of an issue:

  • The Egyptians didn’t care about the pyramids pointing up towards Orion’s belt perfectly and just wanted the pyramids to have the same positions as the stars in Orion’s belt and roughly align with how Orion’s belt looks with their flipped stellar maps.
  • The Great Pyramid is meant to face true north/south and the other pyramids are also meant to have their faces point in the four cardinal directions. If this is prioritized, then perfectly aligning with Orion’s belt would require rotation of the stellar map. The alternative is to rotate the pyramids themselves, but then they no longer face the cardinal directions.
  • If 11450 BC was a year the Egyptians wanted to focus on for some reason, no rotation would be required because the stars, including, Orion’s belt would have been in different positions in the sky. Their positions change every year because of how the Earth’s tilt changes with Earth’s axial precession and because stars move along with practically every other celestial object in the universe.
  • The additional rotation can also be explained in other ways according to this paper.
Source: page 11of https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51940838_A_quantitative_astronomical_analysis_of_the_Orion_Correlation_Theory

In the figure above, the apparent heights of the pyramids, which is their heights in respect to the base of the Great Pyramid, have a -0.9993 correlation with the brightness of the stars in Orion’s belt. This is quite the coincidence and when combined with the “coincidental” correlation between the pyramids’ topographical layout and the relative positions of the stars in Orion’s Belt, chances are neither observation is a coincidence. This means the pyramids were likely purposely designed with Orion in mind.

Correlations with the Sun and the inner three planets of our solar system

Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Correlation-between-the-inner-three-planets-of-our-solar-system-and-the-three-pyramids-of_fig14_279852699

I haven’t dug into the math for this, but the above figure shows the relationship between the topological positions of the three pyramids with the orbits of Mercury, Venus, and Earth. It does require an arbitrary position for the Sun, but the pyramids have additional correlations with these celestial objects:

Pair 1:

  • volume of Khufu / volume of Khafre = 2593809 m³ / 2214669 m³ = 1.17119
  • volume of Earth / volume of Venus = 108.321e10 km³ / 92.843e10 km³ = 1.16671. The relative error compared to 1.17119 is 0.4%.

Pair 2:

  • base length of Khufu / base length of Menkaure = 440 cu / 200 cu = 2.2
  • aphelion of Earth / aphelion of Mercury = 152.099e6 km³ / 69.817e6 km³ = 2.17854. The relative error compared to 2.2 is 1.0%. A planet’s aphelion is its largest orbital distance from the Sun.

Pair 3:

  • base length of Khufu / speed of light * 1s = (440 cu * pi/6 m/cu) / 299792458 m/s * 1s = 7.68477e-7
    - Assumes the Egyptians did in fact know the speed of light.
  • volume of Earth / volume of Sun = 108.321e10 km³ / 1.412e18 km³ = 7.67146e-7. The relative error compared to 7.68477e-7 is 0.2%.

Notice in the above calculations that the pyramids are always substituted for the same planets as in the figure showing their orbital correlations, that is, Khufu is always substituted for Earth, Khafre is always substituted for Venus, and Menkaure is always substituted for Mercury. Also, notice that the physical quantities (e.g. length, volume) being used for the pyramids and for the celestial objects in parallel calculations always correspond, except in the last calculation where both length and volume are used. These calculations are still of a coincidental nature since the relationships don’t extend, i.e. volume of Khufu / volume of Menkaure ≠ volume of Earth / volume of Mercury.

Can key values be obtained from any arbitrary pyramid?

Some people think that you can obtain any value from any structure if you compare enough values and mess around with the numbers enough. Note that the Great Pyramid generally stuck to these rules:

  • One or two dimensions per calculation. The dimensions chosen must always have the same units.
  • Ratios, i.e. division, only. No addition, subtraction, or multiplication allowed in calculations.
    - The calculation for the speed of light was a special exception.
  • An optional scaling factor is allowed, but it must be 2 or 1/2 or a number with special significance (e.g 432, 1000000). Other random numbers aren’t allowed, like randomly adding 3 during a calculation.

In this article, I show that the Great Pyramid has better approximations for pi, phi, and e than what approximations for pi, phi, and e can be found in 99.9% of randomly generated pyramids. This is the case when all sorts of other dimensions then the ones used to encode pi, phi, and e in the Great Pyramid are allowed and even when many more scaling factors than just 2 and 1/2 are allowed for the randomly generated pyramids. As far as pi, the equatorial circumference of the Earth, the polar radius of the Earth, and the speed of light goes, the Egyptians encoded those values in a way that was symbolic, thus obtaining the same numbers from the dimensions of a randomly given structure, would likely lack the same sort of symbolism. Achieving the same level of accuracy as some of the encodings shown in this article would also be difficult, extremely difficult in some cases.

Conclusion

By now it should be evident that the Egyptians most likely had knowledge of many key values that weren’t obtained in canonical history until centuries or millennia later. While the Egyptians could have gotten lucky with various encodings (e.g. pi due to seked), the other properties and encoded values from the pyramids would have required careful planning and design. The argument that all the encodings are coincidences, is weakened not only by how accurate the calculations are, nor the simplicity of the calculations (given they almost all involve only a few math operators between properties and constants), but also how all the encodings were usually done in a way that was meaningful/symbol on some level (e.g. encoding pi as the ratio of part of a “circumference” to a “radius”, encoding the speed of light via a sun-disk).

With all that said then, how did the Egyptians obtain the values of pi, phi, and e if the Egyptians were only advanced as much as the history books assert? How did the Egyptians know the various parameters of the Earth and perhaps the Sun, Mercury, and Venus? How could the Egyptians have accurately assessed the positions and brightness of the stars in Orion’s belt? Some of the encodings with the lowest relative errors and in need of the most advanced knowledge, e.g., the fine-structure constant and speed of light, how did the Egyptians come to know those? It’s still not even known for sure how the Egyptians physically constructed the pyramids, and that could indicate a higher level of advancement for the Egyptians than current mainstream beliefs about their civilization and technology. I believe the Egyptians were way more advanced than we think possible, similar to the beliefs about the existence of Atlantis and the tech and knowledge Atlantis may have attained, or that the conspiracy aliens were involved in the construction of the pyramids isn’t so crazy.

Atlantis 2.0, “ehhhh, sun-disk and other mumbo jumbo 😒”, or aliens 🤗?

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Hans

Completely focused on healing and personal growth and self-transformation for a few years now. I believe enlightenment is real and pursuing that 1000%!